The answer is a statistic.
Before he could go swimming<span>
A subordinate clause is also popularly known as the dependent clause. It starts with a subordinate conjunction or a relative pronoun and has both complete set of subject and verb. Though it has a subject and a verb it still does not form a complete thought urging readers ask for more information to understand the thought. The subordinated clause in the statement above is </span>"who had not studied the lessons failed the test". "Who" <span>is the </span>relative pronoun and at the same time the subject while failed is the verb.<span>
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