Answer:
1- A, 2-C. 3- B
Explanation:
1) The correct answer is A. The Himalayan Mountains lie on the border of China and the Indian states and these would have been a hindrance to trade. The seas and rivers of the Indus Valley and Chinese lands actually provided excellent resources for <em>boosting </em>trade between the two early civilisations.
2) The correct answer is C. Confucius stressed the importance of Filial Piety in the family. This is respect for one's parents and ancestors, and of the hierarchies within society. In this period this meant father–son, elder–junior and male–female relationships, with the first one being the dominant partner. He also believed that respect for the emperor was paramount to orderly society and that each person should know their place within society. This is identified through his answer given when questioned on proper governance. He replied "There is government, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister; when the father is father, and the son is son." In other words, society harmony is derived from everyone knowing and sticking to their place within society.
3) The correct answer is B. The early spread of Islam through the Arabian peninsula was predominantly down to the movement of armies commanded by Muhammed himself. Whilst pilgrims and caravans did travel and spread the message of Muhammed, the meaningful conversion of the arabs was derived from his exile in Medina and subsequent war with the Meccans. Despite suffering a rare defeat, Muhammed survived and eventually conquered Mecca, his birthplace. This completed his unification of the Arabian Peninsula and led to the large-scale spread of Islam.
