The Cold War was a long struggle between the<em> United States</em> and the <em>Soviet Union</em> that began in the bad after-effects of the (giving up in a fight) of <em>Hitler's Germany</em>. The two superpowers slowly built up their zones of influence, dividing the world into two opposite (or fighting against) camps.
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Answer:
He was succesful a first, but a failure in the end
Explanation:
During the first years of the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon was succesful in bringing most of Europe under his control. He lead the French army to sounding victories against several enemies in Italy, in Germany, and in Eastern Europe, although he had many difficulties to conquer Spain.
Napoleon's tide changed when he decided to invade Russia. He had some victories at first, but an extremely cold winter, and the vastness of the country obliged him to retreat. During this retreat, he was often ambushed, and lost most of his army due to these ambushes, or due to the harsh winter.
His escape from Russia was precisely in 1812, and would mark his fate of several subsequent defeats that would utimately lead to his forced exile in the island of St. Helena.
The 1950s was a time of widespread fear and anxiety - the two great powers, the USA and the USSR, were held together in M.A.D. (Mutually Assured Distruction), thanks to the US dropping the two nuclear bombs on Japan, fascinating Soviet scientists into developing their own Nuclear weapons program.
Joseph McCarthy, a US Senator from Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957, played a huge role in establishing a sense of uneasiness and paranoia among Americans in the 1950s, at the possibility of spies lurking within society. Individuals became more individualistic, and trusted authorities less and less - domestic crimes, for example, were often solves by individuals rather than these individuals requesting help from the police. Actors, those in the entertainment industry as a whole, and politicians were by far the most targeted by McCarthy's policies of kidnapping, torturing and extracting information, if there was a suspicion that those being kidnapped were in fact Soviet spies. The overwhelming majority were not, but there were still a handful that were. The government of the USA attempted to hide the innocent victims of these kidnappings, but were not very successful, and as such, individuals became extremely weary of authorities.
To sum up:
- Cold War begins, USA and USSR battle each other with espionage and intelligence rather than all-out warfare
- American government becomes increasing suspicious of spies within Entertainment industry and internal politics
- These paranoia-inducing policies were widely unsuccessful, and as such, fermented distrust for authorities within American society, and among societies of American allies, who were also suspicious of spying.
If you need further information, a quick search of McCarthyism or the 1950s social context of America should help.
The abolitionists had both theoretical and practical influence on the antislavery attitudes in the North. Their practical influence was seen in organized actions for freeing slaves and helping them escape to Canada. Quakers were often involved in these actions and were willing to risk their lives. The theoretical influence of abolitionists was immense. For example, <span>Harriet Beecher Stowe, who wrote the famous novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin", profoundly influenced the popular thinking about slavery, not only in America, but throughout the world.</span>
