Spain occupied many western lands in North and South America. EX1. North America: Florida and California were both occupied by the Spanish. EX2. South America: Mexico and other countries were occupied by the Spanish not all but a good bit were.
They faced challenges such as how to accommodate states that had basically ruled. How to create a strong central government without giving too much power to one group & how to give small & large states equal representation.
That is the first question
When congress wants to add, or amend, the constitution, the result is an addition to the laws of the land.