Islam is a monotheistic religion as their core belief (tawheed) is the oneness of God.
The romans had taken over
The steam engine of Thomas Newcomen and James Watt used the same principle of creating a vacuum and using steam to drive the device. The difference is that in James Watt's version, he uses a separate condenser to allow for a much greater efficiency in terms of power. The main difference with a separate condenser is that with a separate condenser, the main device can remain hot at all times, thus increasing efficiency.
Generally speaking, bythe early 1800's, much of Europe still had a less efficient transportation system than "<span>C. the Ottoman Empire" simply because the Ottoman Empire had a much more condensed system. </span>