This is a little disputed, but effectively it was decided by the decision of the Supreme Court to stop the re-count of votes in Florida. The vote was 5 to 4 and the result was that the president was George W. Bush.
The answer is F because Barack Obama was the first black president of the United States
In 1834, Cambridge University historian and philosopher of science William Whewell coined the term "scientist" to replace such terms as "cultivators of science." Historian Howard Markel discusses how "scientist" came to be, and lists some possibilities that didn't make the cut.
I believe the last choice is correct