Hey there!
The answer to your question is an Independent Clause.
Hope I helped!
Answer:
2 she assumes a cause and effect relationship based on irrelevant information
Yes, it is (the bottom one)
Answer:
Learning a new language because you like experiencing new things not because your job requires it.
Explanation:
Also you are participating in any sport because it's fun and you enjoy it rather than doing it because you want to win an award. ( These are two examples)