The correct answer is argumentation, or argumentative writing.
It is a type of writing where the author is giving his or her arguments as to why they believe their position is the correct one. He or she is explaining why their ideas should be respected, even though they are controversial and unlike those of other people.
B. Country is supposed to be capitalized ( I’m pretty sure at least)
"The sensation developed into pain that grew acute. And still he endured it, holding the flames of matches clumsily to the bark that would not light readily because his own burning hands were in the way, absorbing most of the flame."
