The Age of Enlightenment was a movement of intellectuals in Europe. These individuals emphasized individualism and reasoning over traditions. The establishment of intellectual societies in America aided the spread of <span>Enlightenment ideas.</span>
Answer would be the indulgences. they were used as "get out of jail free" cards when it came to sinning, this lead to the lutheran reform later down the road.
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The correct answer is B. Philippines.
Before the Spanish- American war the Philippines belonged to Spain, and as a result of the war they were ceded to the United States.
Western and europeans in general fought each other a lot resulting in superior fighting tactics. Other places did not do this, giving europe a huge edge against everybody.