Although each colony had differing ideas about the rights of slaves, there were some common threads in slave codes across areas where slavery was common. Legally considered property, slaves were not allowed to own property of their own. They were not allowed to assemble without the presence of a white person. Slaves that lived off the plantation were subject to special curfews.
In the courts, a slave accused of any crime against a white person was doomed. No testimony could be made by a slave against a white person. Therefore, the slave's side of the story could never be told in a court of law. Of course, slaves were conspicuously absent from juries as well.
Slave codes had ruinous effects on African American society. It was illegal to teach a slave to read or write. Religious motives sometimes prevailed, however, as many devout white Christians educated slaves to enable the reading of the Bible. These same Christians did not recognize marriage between slaves in their laws. This made it easier to justify the breakup of families by selling one if its members to another owner.
As time passed and the numbers of African Americans in the New World increased, so did the fears of their white captors. With each new rebellion, the slave codes became ever more strict, further abridging the already limited rights and privileges this oppressed people might hope to enjoy.
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The muckrakers were reform-minded journalists in the Progressive Era in the United States (1890s–1920s) who exposed established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in popular magazines.
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A
Explanation:
it imposed fines for hiding runaway slaves
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Despite Thomas Jefferson’s goal of limited government, his administration doubled the size of the United States with the purchase of the Louisiana Territory. This led to a dispute between the U.S. and Spain over the borders of the territory.
The Louisiana Purchase was sealed in April 1803, when France accepted to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States, for $11,250,000. After this, President Thomas Jefferson ordered the Lewis and Clark expedition that lasted to years of exploration of the newly acquired territories.
The territorial differences with the Spanish crown were resolved with the signing of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819. The agreement was that Spain ceded the Florida Peninsula to the United States and the establishment of a border of the US with the territories of the New Spain(later Mexico, due to its independence movement).