Answer:
1. Cytogenetic mapping.
2. Linkage mapping.
3. Physical mapping.
Explanation:
1.<u> Cytogenetic mapping - Gene localization using microscope.</u>
A cytogenetic mapping is defined as the visual appearance of genes when seen by using microscope. The genes are stained and seeing under microscope that shows visually distinct regions, called dark and light bands and provide unique appearance to the genes.
2. <u>Linkage mapping - recombination distance s measured using genetic crosses.
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Linkage mapping is done using linkage analysis by observing the genes linked to the offspring. It do not show physical distances but only shows genetic distances and how the two genes inherited together.
3. <u>Physical mapping - Determine nucleotide sequence distance using DNA cloning.</u>
Physical mapping is a technique by which physical distance between DNA base pairs can be evaluated with the help of DNA makers and also determine DNA base pairs sequences with high accuracy.
Explanation:
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Answer:
viruses are actually partially living
they are living when they are in a body other than that they are non living
they are the only thing scientists have discovered that is on the border line of non living and living. they are mostly considered non living(google)
Answer:
a) is a way for a cell to give information about its activities.
Explanation:
Antigen processing and presentation is the process in which an antigen presenting cells expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with a classical class molecules
Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
Science is a body of knowledge through which humans try to understand the natural world and make the best out of it. The usefulness of science can be seen from its applications. Some of these applications include;
1. Health: through science, humans have been able to gain insights into the causes of various diseases and profer solutions to them. The continuous investigation into diseases and drugs have ensured that the human population remains healthy to an extent.
2. Food and Agriculture: scientific advancements have ensured the domestication of useful plants as foods, drugs, or industrial materials. Through biotechnology, improved breeds of crops have been produced and sustainable food production for the human populace has been promoted.
3. Improved lifestyle: Advancement in science has helped man to be able to live an improved lifestyle. The application of scientific knowledge has led to the invention of products that can automate processes that otherwise would have been done manually. Examples include the invention of vehicles, washing machines, grinders, air conditioning, etc.
4. Communication: Science has also revolutionized how humans communicate with each other. The discovery of waves and how they can be manipulated for improved communication has led to the invention of phones, radios, televisions, and so on.
5. Infrasctures and aesthetics: Through various advancements in science, infrastructural facilities for improved living experience and beautification of the environment for aesthetic purposes have been incoming.
