True, Byzantium was the Eastern Roman empire, that persisted long after Rome's fall. Its capital was Constantinople, and the Eastern Roman Empire fell in 1453, with the sack of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks.
Those are scales. the highlighted notes (aka the guide tones) are notes in that specific chord that give a harmonic pull towards the next chord. generally they are the 3rd and 7th note (that’s what determines what type of chord it may be: major, minor, major-minor, or dominant). they are the most harmonically important notes in the chord since they determine the quality of the chord itself, so make sure they are in perfect tune.
The reasons why people are interested to look at the connection between film and the real life time its because that people get inspired of the story based on the certain movie they are watching and also the movie relates their life as a person. Second is that the movie always give life values in such away that people would overcome their fear because of it. I hope this helped!