Answer:
To emphasize the very real damage hate speech inflicts.
Explanation:
Prof. Laura Beth Nielsen wrote about the issue of hate speech in an op-ed and details the physical as well as mental 'illness' it can give a person. The issue of hate speech is much more than what meets the eye, and that it is something that is still plaguing the world.
In the given excerpt from the article, Nielsen uses the word <em>"harm"</em> continuously. This repetition is mostly used to lay great emphasis on the very word, and also to 'highlight' the effect on others. She remarks how hate speeches <em>"collectively amount to the harm of subordination. The harm of perpetuating discrimination. The harm of creating inequality."</em> And it is not just physical torment that it causes, but even has <em>"mental health outcomes"</em>. She uses <em>"harm" </em>repetitively to emphasize the real damage that hate speeches inflict on the receivers.
Thus, the correct answer is the first option.
