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Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of both the absence of necessary receptors and lack of suitable environment in the body.
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Human impacts on marine ecosystems. Human activities affect marine ecosystems as a result of pollution, overfishing, the introduction of invasive species,and acidification, which all impact on the marine food web and may lead to largely unknown consequences for the biodiversity and survival of marine life forms.
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Ok there is no figure 2.1 shown but I am going to guess that it is the epidermis as that is a plant tissue that is transparent
The reason it is transparent is because it is there to protect the inside of the plant that houses photosynthesizing plastids (chlorophyll) and by being transparent more light can get in and aid in the photosynthesis
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