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Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces, which has included separation of white and non-white American troops, quotas, restriction of people of colour troops to support roles, and outright bans on blacks and other people of colour serving in the military, has been a part of the military history of the United States since the American Revolution. Each branch of the Armed Forces has historically had different policies regarding racial segregation. Although Executive Order 9981 officially ended segregation in the Armed Forces in 1948, following World War II, some forms of racial segregation continued until after the Korean War. The US government complied with an Icelandic government request not to station black soldiers on the US base in Keflavík, Iceland until the 1970s and 1980s when black soldiers began to be stationed in Iceland.
Focusing on the inner workings of the First Crusade in a way that no other work has done, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading delves into the Crusade's organization, its finances, and the division of authority and responsibility among its leaders and their relationships with one another and with their subordinates.
In the year 1095, Pope Urban II initiated what is known today as the First Crusade. His summons of the lay knights to the faith between 1095 and 1096 was Urban II's personal response to an appeal that had reached him from eastern Christians, the Pope referred to the struggle ahead as Christ's own war, to be fought in accordance with God's will and intentions. It was, too, called a war of liberation, designed to free the church and city of Jerusalem from oppression and pillage by the Muslims while liberating western Church from the errors into which it had fallen.
In this classic work, presented here with a new introduction, one of the world's most renowned crusade historians approaches this central topic of medieval history with freshness and impeccable research. Through the vivid presentation of a wide range of European chronicles and charter collections, Jonathan Riley-Smith provides a striking illumination of crusader motives and responses and a thoughtful analysis of the mechanisms that made this expedition successful.
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B. Writing new regulations
The entire region of Northern Africa and Southwest Asia has a climate generally described as "<span>B. Dry," since this land has historically been conducive to farming. </span>
I would say that Christopher Columbus was influenced by the travels of Marco Polo.
He was greatly inspired by his travels and wanted to become as famous as Polo was as an explorer, and eventually, he did follow in his footsteps. Polo's travels changed the European perception of the Asian world, and as you know, Columbus also wanted to go to Asia, but he ended up in America.