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slava [35]
3 years ago
6

Constancy of conditions is often enhanced through: a. Maximizing the internal validity of the study b. Using a crossover design

c. Avoiding contamination of treatments d. Having standard written research protocols
Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Alina [70]3 years ago
4 0

Answer: Option(d) is correct

Explanation:

Constancy of condition is the process in which a variable and its aspects are kept constant in a study so that its impact is persistent throughout the research.It can be improved through research protocols that are written as per standards so that more consistency and reliability can be established in study.

  • Other options are incorrect because increasing internal validity, cross-over design utilization and keeping away treatment contamination and the mechanisms for improving constancy of condition.
  • Thus, the correct option is option(d).
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  2. def st_dev(file_name):
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Explanation:

The solution code is written using Python.

To ease the calculation task, we can import Python statistics module to use the pstdev method to calculate the population standard deviation of a list of numbers (Line 1).

Next, create a st_dev function that take single argument file_name (Line 3). In the function, it will open the input file and read the data line by line (Line 4-5). Create a for loop to traverse through each line of the data which is an integer and append it to numList (Line 7-8). We can pass the numList to pstdev method (Line 10) and return the resulting standard deviation value as output.

We test the function by passing a file which hold a list of integer values in each line (Line 12).

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And the output we shall get is 4.019950248448356

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