Answers to #1:
Raphael Lemkin's definition of genocide was not accepted until after the Holocaust.
Raphael Lemkin had been studying the problem of mass killings of a people group since the 1920s, in regard to Turkish slaughter of Armenians in 1915. He coined the term "genocide" in 1944, in reference then also to the Holocaust. The term uses Greek language roots and means "killing of a race" of people. Lemkin served as an advisor to Justice Robert Jackson, the lead prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials. "Crimes against humanity" was the charge used at the Nuremberg trials, since no international legal definition of "genocide" had yet been accepted. Ultimately, Lemkin was able to persuade the United Nations to accept the definition of genocide and codify it into international law. In December, 1948, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, which made use of a number of Lemkin's ideas on the subject.
#2: For item #2, you didn't ask a question, so I won't attempt to guess at what question you might have in mind. The definition as you quote it comes from Article II of the UN's Genocide Convention. Article III also indicts intention and conspiracy to commit genocide as crimes against international law. Article IV of that same Convention then puts teeth into the UN's action, saying, "Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals."
Because the white southerners have the hardest time accepting about living side-by-side with ex-slaves during reconstruction, they introduced the black codes.
<h3>What was the black codes?</h3>
During the post-slavery era, the black codes refers to those laws that denies the most legal rights to newly freed slaves which was mostly passed by southern states following the Civil War.
The black codes, as originated in the slave codes defined the slaves as property and were set of laws enacted in the former Confederate states that restricted the freedom of former slaves and were designed to assure white supremacy.
Therefore, the Option A is correct.
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<span>By
January 1969, Over 30,000 American soldiers and had been reported to President Nixon’s office to
be dead and over 200,000 men were injured since the war has started in 1961. It
was the last week of December 1968 when the Vietnam War ended. </span>
