Must not have access to oxygen which is def called anaerobic
In photosynthesis, the movement of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen is proton gradient and is coupled to<u> transfer of </u><u>protons</u>.
Protons are transported across the thylakoid membrane and into the lumen through the electron transport chain (the space inside the thylakoid disk). Protons are simultaneously removed from the stroma by reduction of NADPH and added to the lumen via water splitting (the space outside the thylakoids). Protons are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen as a result of the electron passing through the first link in the electron transport chain. A fourth protein complex in the thylakoid membrane, ATP synthase, then uses the energy stored in this proton gradient to produce ATP. This protein complex, like the mitochondrial enzyme, links proton flow back across the membrane to the creation of ATP.
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Answer:
ok sike i lied you thought i tried
Explanation:
Luminance response can be tested with an option(d) I or II i.e, near range photometer or telescope photometer.
The luminous intensity per unit area of light traveling in a specific direction is measured photometrically as luminance. It indicates how much light enters, exits, or is reflected from a specific area and falls within a specified solid angle.
The visual system's ability to function depends heavily on luminance and contrast. Vision is impossible without light (luminance = 0), and without contrast, we are unable to see spatial or temporal patterns. The first stage in seeing, which enables all other visual processes, is the capacity to respond to brightness.
A photometer is a tool used to gauge light's characteristics. A photometer can be used to measure a light source's brightness, color, and flux among other attributes. Photometers gather radiation released by the light source to determine the wavelengths of light and atomic emissions.
The complete question is:
Luminance response can be tested with a(n)_____.
I) near-range photometer
II) telescope photometer
III) illuminance meter
A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I or II
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