The answer is the parent material. Parent material is what occurs on the surface before soil begins to form. This is found in new environments such as after a volcanic activity. Pioneers organisms of an ecosystem and abiotic elements of weathering such as water and temperatures begin to weather the rocks into smaller particles, Humus and organic matter from life accumulate with the minute rock particles to form soil over time. The topmost soil is the most developed and this is why soil has profiles towards the deep into the parent rock material, depending on the stage of weathering.
Congo is farther north Paraguay is south
The answer is Mandate System. This is the system that used
to divide or to partition Southwest Asia between Great Britain and France
following WWI. This system was established for the reason to administer the
German and Ottoman empires World War Territories.
