It is difficult for people with arthritis of the kness to A. Genuflect.
John ran. - independent
John ran away from the shore. - independent
Jim studied in the sweet shop for his chemistry quiz. - independent
When Jim studied in the sweet shop for his chemistry quiz. - now this one's tricky. I am leaning towards dependent but it could be the response to a question, but I don't know what question or could be dependent because its not a complete thought. Try dependent.
C. Education beyond high school versus education beyond college because in the other examples you can't really use those topics because there isn't really much about them, but in example C. you can tell the two similarities in both the high school and college, and you could put there differences. Hope I helped!