The administration of upstream and downstream association's with providers and clients to convey better incentive at less cost than the inventory network all in all.
B. the number of similar yet supposedly different products,
Like toilet paper, though people come up with new designs, there truely is no new product, its just different
Exchange rates are an effective way to analyze the price of one currency in terms of another currency with the tools of demand and supply.
<h3>What do you mean by exchange rate?</h3>
Exchange rates refer to the value of one's nation's currency over the currency of another nation.
An exchange rate can be fixed or free-floating. A fixed exchange rate is pegged to the value of other currency and a free-floating exchange rate may rise or fall due to changes in the foreign exchange market.
Thus, exchange rates are an effective way to analyze the price of one currency in terms of another currency with the tools of demand and supply.
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Answer:
D. today's dollars; purchasing power
The nominal value of anything is it's current price or the dollar amount someone is paying for it. For eg if the price of a kg of rice is $3, its nominal value is also $3. The real value is expressed in terms of purchasing power which means that the amount of goods and services that you can purchase from a particular amount of money today compared to a base year in the past. So for example if the base year is 5 years ago and the price of a kg of rice was $1.5, the real value of $3 would be 2 kgs of rice, where as currently if the price of a kg of rice is $3 then the real value of $3 is 1 kg of rice. As purchasing power decreases the real value of money decreases.
Explanation: