Volcanic eruptions can destroy building that store resources, burn trees, kill animals and make land not suitable for farming etc
Spain for the majority of the next 300 years. This considering it owned everything from Terra del Fiugo to San Francisco.
No barriers to trade from nation to nation
The geography of East Asia is described as mountainous. An example is the geography of west and north China. It is usually dominated with mountains, steppe lands, plateaus, and deserts. I hope my answer has come to your help. God bless and have a nice day ahead!