the feature of modern science is that all it's claims are based upon rigorous experiments and all it's claims are put to through testing before they are accepted.
In comparison to philosophy and religion their claims are often not based on any sound basis whose nature may be determined by experimental testing thus are not subject to the same rigorous testing that the claims of science are put through.
Astronomy as a science has been studies from a very early time. It was initially used for navigation across deserts and seas. Particularly it were the Arabs that framed it into a subject to study. The mathematical foundations of the astronomy could be subsequently established by the works of Al-Tusi,Glaleio,Ptolemy,Copernicus,etc
The rigid mathematical proofs were given in the works of Gauss and Newton among other's.
The major distinction of modern astronomy began by developments in telecopes particularly the hubble space telescope and the x-ray telescopes.
A pyramid is a useful tool to study and analyze various studies. They are used by demographers . These are people who study populations. A population pyramid gives a clear information of how from high fertility to low fertility rate changed take place in a selected region.
So every country can be analyzed their various situations by using a pyramid which makes analysis easy with these graphs and reveals a lot of information of a particular country.