1) B
2) B
Would be what I'll pick.
As far as the impacts of the pilgrimage go, they are numerous. First, Mansa Musa established his presence for other rulers in Europe and the Middle East. Secondly, the amount of gold they carried and the king’s generosity in its regard expressed his wealthy status. The journey to Mecca had a number of effects on the history of Western Sudan. Most significantly, the pilgrimage journey exposed Mali to Europe and the Middle East. The king had carried 30,000 pounds of gold, which signified the immense wealth in his empire. This created an impression on his acquaintances.
They could now ship things to ports nearby faster and easier than before.
Russia defeated Napoleon by starving and freezing his army to death. During the invasion, French troops were forced to march through miles of snow in extremely cold weather, without the proper clothing and supplies to survive it. The Russians purposefully burned down their own villages so that the French could not raid them for supplies. By the time Napoleon reached Moscow, his army's morale was extremely low and he had sustained heavy losses, and he was forced to retreat soon afterward. Russia's cold weather that makes it almost impossible to invade is often called 'Russian Winter' or 'General Winter'.
Hope this helps!
