Plant and animal kingdoms.
These are in both the systems.
Samuel J. Tilden had the popular vote at 4 228 546 or 50.9%, but lost to Rutherford B. Hayes, who had 4 034 331 votes, or 47.9%.
Rutherford won because he received 185 electoral votes to Tilden's 184.<span />
They are repressed of their natural rights and civil liberties
Upon the fall of Rome, Europe ceased being influenced by the cultures of the Mediterranian coast.
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The item that was NOT a cause of the Reformation:
C. The desire to spread Islam to Western Europe.
Further details:
The Roman Catholic Church failed to provide much hope or comfort to people during the years of the 100 Years War and the devastation of the Black Death. Corruption within the church only became worse in the years that followed, and people were wanting change. Coupled with that were new ideas and challenges being posed by the start of the Scientific Revolution. Martin Luther, whose activity sparked the Reformation, was a contemporary of Nicolaus Copernicus, whose work sparked the Scientific Revolution.