An adjective phrase or adjectival phrase is a phrase that describes and
modifies the noun. It could be used as attributive or predicative. Attributive
adjective is included in the in the noun phrase it modifies while predicative
adjective is not included in the noun phrase it modifies. In the sentence, Snow throughout April was quite a surprise this year; the adjective phrase is <span>quite
a surprise. ‘Quite’ </span>is the adjective describing he noun<span> ‘surprise’.</span>
Understanding cultural norms allows a reader to understand what was common and what was not common during the setting of the story. Being able to understand the cultural norms brings out understanding in why the characters lived the way they did, and why the characters might have made different choices.
It can be both. effects as in special effects or affects like it made ur ears ring since it was so loud.
There are no "shown" because you didn't give us anything, nobody can help without resources for questions like this!