<span>"Have you ever received a speeding ticket? ______ yes ______ no," when followed by a question such as: "when did you receive that ticket?"</span> is called a Contingency or Filter question.
In social research, this types of questions enables the researcher determine whether the respondent is qualified or has enough experience to answer the next or preceding questions.
No they can't. They still have to have a search warrant, or they cannot legally use your phone against you in the court of law.
