Question

Oof~

Answer 1

1. C

~Universities are usually more reliable

2. D

~The other sentences don't make sense

3. B

~The candidate is effective and speaks clearly

4. A

~The other options don't make sense

Answer 2

Alright. in chronological order the answers are
1 is C. this is the only non biased medium in the whole question that delivers news in the most effective manner (experimentation not anecdotes)

2 is a. I say this tentatively
a phrase in English is a small group of words that add meaning to a sentence. the phrase is never ever gonna be able to stand as it's own sentence/be an independent clause. this quickly eliminates c and d because last night is not a phrase but a indication of time. It also eliminates B because there is no dependent clause. the answer is A because startling me fits the definition of a phrase. it is a verb phrase that adds extra meaning to the main topic of the sentence which is the second part.

3 is d because the speaker only appeals to emotion never supporting her statements with facts.
furthermore, she cant be an effective speaker because she is forceful in the way she speaks
and is silencing the audience concerns

4 is a . that is a perfect time to use direct quotes as paraphrasing a unique quote bogs down its impact in essays or any type of writing for that manner.

then ignore all of what I said cause I got it wrong lul