The rate of natural increase refers to the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year, divided by the mid-year population of that year, multiplied by a factor (usually 1,000). It is equal to the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.
In Geography, when you mention characteristics, it refers to the actions and the ideas of man that changes or changed the Earth. Characteristics in Geography can also refer to as the natural and current features seen all around the Earth.
Answer:
From Nanterre through Ivry-sur-Seine to Pantin, evidence of the city's industrial past can be found all over Greater Paris.
