Question

What language did english directly borrow from? autonomy n.?

Answer 1

Autos, feels Greek doesn't it?
Nomos, you are going to see this Greek word all over the place, astronomy, economy, taxonomy.  I like to think of it as "rules of"  but it literally means law.
Auto, like automatic, 'matic' to be willing.

Auto: self, nomy: laws.
To have its own laws.