Absolutism is a form of government where one person or small group of people have unlimited power. The term "czar" means "caesar" ("king"), and therefore can be considered a type of absolute ruler. Ivan the Great of Russia (r.1462-1505) took the title of "czar" after marrying the niece of the last Byzantine empire. After the fall of Constantinople (and thus, the Byzantine Empire), Moscow became the most powerful city in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Thus, the "czar" of Russia would from then on claim to be the inheritor of the Byzantine emperor and protector of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Two rulers of Russia stand out as being "absolute rulers": Peter the Great (r.1682-1725) and Catherine the Great (r.1762-1796). Peter wanted to make Russia into a modern nation, and forced Russians to adopt European culture. To do this, Peter created a new class of nobles that were given land in exchange for their loyalty to the government. Nobles were given total control over their peasants, who saw their freedom decrease during Peter's rule. To reform the government, Peter created a centralized bureaucracy of non-elected advisers and local governments were placed under the direct control of the czar. Peter also brought the Orthodox Church under his authority and created a council of bishops appointed by him. While many of Peter's policies improved the Russian economy, he divided the Russian people. (See image: Courtesy of saint-petersburg.com)
Catherine the Great began her rule by seizing power from her own husband! Catherine greatly admired Peter I and continued to expand and modernize Russia. Many people consider Catherine's reign a golden age of Russia because she supported the arts, education, and culture. Despite being influenced by the European enlightenment, Catherine feared chaos and peasant uprisings were brutally crushed by her army. She allowed nobles to treat their serfs (peasants) however they wished. More peasants than ever were forced into serfdom than ever before, and their position worsened.
Answer:
Michio Kaku established the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as an "Age of Discovery" in "Choreographers of Matter, Life, and Intelligence
d) by listing the significant scientific developments of the era.
Explanation:
According to Michio Kaku during the XIX and XX century the humans have discovered the most uses for advance technology and these discoveries act as the base for future developments of the civilization.
He believes that in the year 2100 the humans will be able to move objects with the mind and the computers would read minds.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were Jewish American citizens who were convicted, with others, of conspiracy for espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union in the late 1940s, when it was an ally of the United States during World War II. They were tried, convicted, and executed by the federal government of the United States.
I believe that the answer to the question given above is that she think that the role of the counselor is the most significant among the rest of china since it reflects the will of the emperor.
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