The ancient society that observed monotheism, belief in only one god is option b) Jews.
The Jews have been believing that the supreme power is only one and hence have been practicing monotheism. They have been long since ages followed this tradition along with Islam, Christianity, Judaism etc.
Monotheism is the tradition of believing one god or one power different from that of polytheism. However, it is not the oneness but the uniqueness that counts in monotheism. Many at times it is considered as just numbers, as one god vs many gods or goddess. This it oversimplified and is mistaken often by people.
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Hi!
The main comparison we can make between Rome and Byzantium is that they had different forms of religion.
The Roman people focused on worshipping Jupiter as a father of all 'gods', while the Byzantium people were just monotheistic.
If you are unaware of the term, monotheistic is basically only believing in and worshipping one and only one god. Polytheistic is the belief in <em>multiple </em>gods.
A similarity between the two empires was that they both gained entertainment from watching <span>gladiator </span>fights!
They often built large structures known as Coliseums in order to hold huge events where the gladiator fights occurred.
Hopefully, this helps! =)