The correct answer choices are A and C.
As Portugal learned about Spain's exploration expeditions led by Columbus, and fearing the Spaniards might interfere with their exclusive sea routes to the Far East, it filed a complaint before the pope at the time, Alexander VI (also known as Rodrigo Borgia, a high hierarchy priest of the Catholic Church born in Valencia, Spain, and apparently sympathetic to the Catholic Monarchs of Spain). In response to Portugal's complaint the pope issued a papal bull (a legal settlement ordered by the Church) and a demarcation line was traced leaving most of the known and yet-to-be-found lands and water bodies westwards under Spain, and those eastwards under the control of the Portuguese. A lucky "accident" left the lands today known as Brazil as the only colony in America ruled by Portugal, which explains why Brazilians are the only Latin Americans who speak Portuguese and not Spanish. A formal agreement, based on the papal bull, was signed by Spain and Portugal and became known as the Treaty of Tordesillas, named after the city where the signature of the document took place.
Answer:
The answer is D. Mosques.
Explanation:
Mansa Musa (Musa I of Mali) was the ruler of the kingdom of Mali from 1312 C.E. to 1337 C.E. During his reign, Mali was one of the richest kingdoms of Africa, and Mansa Musa was among the richest individuals in the world. Mansa Musa developed cities like Timbuktu and Gao into important cultural centers. He also brought architects from the Middle East and across Africa to design new buildings, such as mosques, for his cities. Mansa Musa turned the kingdom of Mali into a sophisticated center of learning in the Islamic world.
Answer:
The Pullman Strike and Loewe v. Lawlor
Explanation:
The Pullman Strike was an organised strike by the American Railway Union against the Pullman Company. The strike closed off many of the nations railroad traffic. Workers of the Pullman company had gone on strike in response to a reduction in wages and when this was unsuccessful, they increased their efforts and with the help of the AFU took it nationwide. They refused to couple or move any train that carried a Pullman car. At its peak the strike included 250,000 workers in 27 states.The federal government's response was to obtain an injunction against the union and to order them to stop interfering with trains. When they refused, President Cleveland sent in the army to stop strikers from interfering with the trains. Violence broke out and the strike collapsed. The leaders were sentenced to prison and the ARU dissolved.
Loewe V Lawlor was a Supreme Court decision that went against the rights of the labour movement. D. E. Loewe & Company had been subjected to a strike and a boycott as a result of it becoming an 'open shop'. The nationwide boycott was supported by the American Federation of Labor and persuaded retailers, wholesalers and customers not to buy from Loewe. This boycott cost him a large amount of money and he sued the union for violating the Sherman Antitrust Act (Another piece of legislation subsequently used to attack unions).
The case was sent to the US Circuit Court for the District of Connecticut, which found that the lawsuit was out of the scope of the Sherman Act. However, upon appeal it then went to the Supreme Court, who ruled in favour of Loewe. The courts decision was important for two reasons. Firstly it allowed individual unionists to be held personally responsible for damages arising from the activities of their unions. Secondly, it effectively outlawed secondary boycott (Where members of different companies boycott in solidarity with the affected workers) as a violation of the Sherman Act. Both of these limited the ability of the unions to bring about change through striking and boycott.