<span>In the United States, the Black Codes were
laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War.
These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African
Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy
based on low wages or debt.</span>
Political Bosses were the leaders of the political machines, they grew wealthy because they assigned government contracts asking for favors like votes or promoting campaign on their favor, they also controlled financing of campaigns to later ask for recompense. By doing this they reached position in the local government of cities, counties and states and this way concentrated wealth around corruption.
They wanted to find precious metals
The correct answer for the question that is being presented above is this one: "human ambition, which enables people to strive to succeed." these factors did Spencer ignore in his theories of social Darwinism: human ambition, <span>which enables people to strive to succeed.</span>