2, 3, 5, 6, and 7. I think that makes the presentation more effective.
"...they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.”
B. A metaphor
The reason I choose B is because a simile has to have the words as, a, etc.
Is this what you're looking for?
The answer would be the first one because it sounds formal where as the other ones are less formal and sound as if you are talking to a friend