Answer:
The reaction question is a personal thing. I would say: "I am surprised that Martha wants to be dishonest just because she finds her assignment difficult."
John conveys a positive message: he believes that Martha is smart enough to do her assignments without cheating.
Martha conveys a negative message: she wants to cheat on her assignments because she thinks they are difficult.
Answer:
Solar eclipses result from the Moon blocking the Sun relative to the Earth; thus Earth, Moon and Sun all lie on a line. Lunar eclipses work the same way in a different order: Moon, Earth and Sun all on a line.
