John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy, commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.
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The main way in which Europe's role in global trade changed after the European discovery of the americas was that they were able to dramatically increase the import of goods and materials.
The correct answer is B) emergence of a written language
Unlike the other mentioned things, emergence of a written language did revolutionize Native American cultures. Everything else mentioned here was just there and completely normal as they were hunters and what not.
The arrival of the U.S. troops in Europe. (I just learned about this in school)