If I remember correctly the opium wars resulted in china being figuratively split up by european powers. So, I'd go with 4.
A stock exchange occurs in a centralized location, think Wall Street and the Stock Market. An over-the-counter market does not. Over-the-counter markets are considered less formal compared to exchanges. OTCs are less transparent and operate on fewer rules than exchanges. This can be both good and bad for those involved.
Answer: A. less centralized than under Mauryan rule
Explanation:
Came form France. Hope that helps you
In America, we rely on public discourse and the open forum of ideas to shut down much of that damaging discourse.