It was important for the Roman army to be able to move soldiers and all their baggage around the country. They built roads as straight as possible, in order to travel as quickly as they could. Winding roads took longer to get to the place you wanted to go and bandits and robbers could be hiding around bends.
I think it was the The pope
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They started the settlement on the island of Hispaniola.
Columbus was the first explorer they sponsored.
They discovered the Mississippi River, San Salvador, and the Pacific Ocean.
Because Austria's army in 1788 was not one single and unified fighting force. Rather, Austria's army (Which at the time was not called Austria but the Habsburg Empire) was composed of squads from many smaller nations that were found in the Habsburg Empire. Because there were strong nationalist tendencies among these, they spoke differently and this eventually lead to big differences among different groups and attacks between each other.