The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle, the inner of these membranes is invaginated to form structures called cristae. The fluid inside is called the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondria has a pivotal role in the creation of ATP in aerobic cellular respiration. Glycolysis occurs outside the mitochondria, producing pyruvate and ATP, the pyruvate endures the link reaction on its way into the mitochondrial matrix and turns into acetyl co enzyme A. This acetyl group is used in the matrix in what is called Krebs cycle, where the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled with the reduction of hydrogen carriers. The products of Krebs cycle are then transported to the electron transport chain on the cristae where the reduced NADH and FADH are then oxidized. The remaining hydrogen electrons are transported down the chain where an oxygen molecule is reduced to water. Chemiosmosis also occurs at the electron transport chain, in which hydrogen protons move down the concentration gradient (from the inner mitochondrion membrane) through an ATP synthase where ATP is generated. The multiple folds inside the mitochondria which are the cristae, mean that there is plenty of surface area for cellular respirations to occur at.
Biology encompasses diverse fields, including botany, conservation, ecology, evolution, genetics, marine biology, medicine, microbiology, molecular biology, physiology, and zoology.
Answer:
Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions and red litmus paper turns blue under basic or alkaline conditions, with the color change occurring over the pH range 4.5–8.3 at 25 °C (77 °F). Neutral litmus paper is purple. Litmus can also be prepared as an aqueous solution that functions similarly.
Explanation:
Answer:
1. They have to be able to reproduce, either asexually or sexually.
2. They have to be able to respond to stimuli.
3. They have to have cells, either as a unicellular organism or as a multicellular organism.
4. They have to grow and develop.
5. They have to have homeostasis. This means that they can maintain their own body temperature. Think of this as a thermometer for the body.
6. The last thing is that all living things also have to be able to do is move.
Explanation:
