Answer:
The differences are:
2a. The differences between the prepositions <em>"por"</em> and <em>"para"</em> are:
- <em>"Por"</em> is used to mention the cause or the reason to make an action, I mean, the reason why the noun began to make the action:
- <em>Yo estoy mojado </em><em><u>por</u></em><em> la lluvia.</em>
- I am wet <u>from</u> the rain.
- <em>El viaje de mis padres </em><em><u>por</u></em><em> Europa.</em>
- My parents' trip <u>to</u> Europe.
- <em>"Para"</em> is used to mention the purpose of an action, I mean, the objective to make that action:
- <em>Yo estudio </em><u><em>para</em></u><em> obtener un buen empleo.</em>
- I study <u>to</u> get a good job.
- <em>Teresa vive en el campo </em><u><em>para</em></u><em> estar más tranquila.</em>
- Teresa lives in the countryside to be calmer.
2b. The use of the verbs <em>"ser"</em> or <em>"estar"</em> depends on the meaning of the sentence, explained below:
- <em>"Ser"</em> is a verb used to mention how is a noun regarding his/her physical and mental characteristics, or his/her profession:
- <em>Él </em><u><em>es</em></u><em> atractivo.</em>
- He <u>is</u> handsome.
- <em>Nosotros </em><u><em>somos</em></u><em> médicos.</em>
- We <u>are</u> doctors.
- <em>"Estar"</em> is used to mention where is a noun in a determined moment:
- <em>Yo </em><u><em>estoy</em></u><em> en el parque.</em>
- I'm in the park.
- <em>Ustedes </em><u><em>están</em></u><em> en la panadería.</em>
- You are in the bakery.
Explanation:
In the explanatory text regarding the differences between the prepositions and the mentioned verbs, <u>I have tried not to be so extensive since it is supposed to be in your own words</u>, I have also given examples fully applicable to the difference or characteristic explained.