King John ruled England for almost two decades (1199-1216) and was well known as a heavy handed ruler. He would often wage unnecessary wars and burden his subjects with heavy taxes to pay for them. King John begrudgingly signed the Magna Carta because he needed the barons to fight his wars and collect his taxes.
A company with a pure monopoly means that a company is the only seller in a market with no other close substitutes. ... Also, with pure monopolies, there are high barriers to entry, such as significant start-up costs preventing competitors from entering the market.
Even several decades before the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453, most of Greece had come under Ottoman rule. During this time, there were several revolt attempts by Greeks to gain independence from Ottoman control
The conditions barely changed for the better. Child labor got somewhat better but not by a lot.
