It was named the cold war because the two countries who contributed the most never actually fought each other. America mostly helped other countries with supplies needed to fight against The Soviet Union. They never actually met on the battlefield.
So called because it never boiled over into open war between the two powers but was focused on espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. Western Europe and Japan were rebuilt through the American Marshall Plan whereas Eastern Europe fell in the Soviet sphere of influence and rejected the plan.
The Enlightenment ideas contributed to the revolutionary mood in France since it consisted of everyone being equal and since the first and second estates didn't want to let that happen to a National Assembly was formed then the Reign of Terror occurred.
The South African government decided to end apartheid because the leaders of the government decided that apartheid was bad, and wanted to fix the situation. Hope this helps
