Direct democracy is when everyone in a country votes on something. People's rights might be denied because it would be a tyrannical rule of the majority. For example, there's only 15% African-Americans in the US. If the 85% Caucasian population decided to vote something that was against the rights of the African-Americans, they wouldn't be able to oppose this because they would be a minority.
The New Testament is the document that standardized Christian beliefs.
New Testament is the second part of the Bible, which talks about Jesus and his miracles in more detail.
Islam didn't exist until Muhammad was alive; he was the prophet.