As you are walking on a beach, you pick up an odd-looking seashell that has a very rough texture. As you rub your fingers over the shell, sensory messages are communicated via the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nerve fibers that branch from the spinal cord to reach the parts of the body like the hands, legs, skin, etc.
The short segment is know as a GENE. A gene is a coding region in a DNA that has functional amino acids which code for a particular trait in the living organism. The instructions in the coding region enable the cells to produce a specific functional protein.