Went in to the war and dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
They were colonies of great Britain
Great Britain had taken over the areas and declared them to be British spheres of interests following the decline of the Ottoman empire. Egypt specifically was of prime significance to Britain as it was the new route to India and the colonies in the Eastern coast of Africa.
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Cotton could also be obtained from Egypt and India
Reform means the improvement or amendment of what is wrong or currupt.