Answer:
The following are the characteristics of China:
IT HAS FOREIGN SPHERE OF INFLUENCE.
IT FAILED TO INSTITUTE REFORMS.
IT AVOIDED MODERNIZATION.
The countries that have sphere of influence on china can constrain and guide china in the choice of their foreign and domestic policies. This type of association has imparted many benefits on china. China is also a traditional country which usually try to conserve its traditional values and avoid modernization.
Pamplets, writings, that sort of stuff
The first president was g e o rge washington :)
