The main idea in Madison's federalist paper #51 is that checks and balances can and should be put in place in a federal government in order to keep any single branch from becoming too powerful.
The appeasement is "Appeasement in an international context is a diplomatic policy of making political or material concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict"
The example is when Britian and especailly France had an appeasement with Germany before ww11.
A made up example of appeasemnt is if the Iranian millitary asked access to nuclear weapons, and countries got scared and signed a document which said they could have them.
Answer:
No one.
Explanation:
We don't have a prime minister in the USA. We only have presidents and vice presidents. Currently, I am sure you have heard of this our president is Trump.
Hope this is what you needed :)