Answer:
D) In case 1, both PS I and PS II completely lose function; in case 2, a proton gradient is still produced.
Explanation:
The light dependent reaction of photosynthesis, which produces the ATP and NADPH needed in the light independent stage of the process, includes complexes of proteins and pigments called PHOTOSYSTEMS. These photosystems (I and II) are key to the functionality of the light dependent reactions in the thylakoid.
The major pigment present in both photosystems is CHLOROPHYLL A, which absorbs light energy and transfers electrons to the reaction center. Chlorophyll B is only an accessory pigment meaning it can be done without. Hence, if all of the chlorophyll A is inactivated in the algae but leaves chlorophyll B intact as in case 1, both PS I and PS II will lose their function because Chlorophyll A is the major pigment that absorbs light energy in both photosystems.
In case 2, if PS I is inhibited and PS II is unaffected, a PROTON GRADIENT WILL STILL BE PRODUCED because the splitting of water into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) occurs in PSII. Hence, H+ ions can still be pumped into the inner membrane of the thylakoid in order to build a proton gradient even without the occurrence of PS I.
The four major organic compunds are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Lipids are used to store energy, insulate insulate, and they help build cell membranes. Examples of lipids are fats, oils, and waxes.
Carbohydrates are used to give us quick energy and they help build cell walls. Examples of carbohydrates include bread, pasta, cereal, and rice.
The role of proteins is to build our bodies, help our immune system, and help cells communicate. Such examples include meat, beans, eggs, fish, nuts, soy, and dairy.
Finally, Nucleic acids are used to store gentetic info. Anything plant or animal based is considered a nucleic acid.
<span>In the right atrium, the auricle and anterior wall exhibit obvious muscular ridges called MUSCULI PECTINATI.
Musculi pectinati or pectinate muscles are identified as specialized intracardiac muscle. The muscular ridges are like combs. These ridges help the right atrium dilate without much walls stress during adverse loading conditions.</span>
