Answer:
Engel v. Vitale
LAW CASE
WRITTEN BY: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Engel v. Vitale, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 25, 1962, that voluntary prayer in public schools violated the U.S. Constitution’s First Amendment prohibition of a state establishment of religion.
New York state’s Board of Regents wrote and authorized a voluntary nondenominational prayer that could be recited by students at the beginning of each school day. In 1958–59 a group of parents that included Steven Engel in Hyde Park, New York, objected to the prayer, which read, “Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers, and our country,” and sued the school board president, William Vitale. The prayer, which proponents argued was constitutional because it was voluntary and promoted the free exercise of religion (also protected in the First Amendment), was upheld by New York’s courts, prompting the petitioners to file a successful appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Engel et al. were supported by the American Civil Liberties Union, and briefs were filed on their behalf by the American Ethical Union and the American Jewish Committee, while the governments of some 20 states called on the U.S. Supreme Court to uphold the prayer.
Oral arguments took place on April 3, 1962. The Supreme Court’s ruling was released on June 25 and found New York’s law unconstitutional by a margin of 6–1 (two justices did not participate in the decision). Hugo L. Black wrote the Supreme Court’s opinion, in which the majority argued “that, by using its public school system to encourage recitation of the Regents’ prayer, the State of New York has adopted a practice wholly inconsistent with the Establishment Clause.” The lone dissent came from Potter Stewart, who argued that the majority had “misapplied a great constitutional principle” and could not understand “how an ‘official religion’ is established by letting those who want to say a prayer say it. On the contrary, I think to deny the wish of these school children to join in reciting this prayer is to deny them the opportunity of sharing in the spiritual heritage of our Nation.” The decision, the first in which the Supreme Court had ruled unconstitutional public school sponsorship of religion, was unpopular with a broad segment of the American public.
Answer:
The five facts about the Great Society and its programs and many more are discussed below in deep details.
Explanation:
1. The Great Society's five facts are Johnson's more perfect view of society, Intended to benefits minority and urban poor, rebuild decaying inner cities, eliminate hunger and diseases, and extended the power of the federal government.
2. Great Society was a collection of national policy initiatives intended to eradicate poverty and racial inequality in the United States, decrease crime, and enhance the environment. It was started by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
3. Great Society designed to help poor people who were below the poverty line and facing racial injustice in the United States.
4. The Great Society programs are that many of them are still in effect today. such as Medicare, Medicaid, the Older Americans Act, and federal education funding, are still in place today.
5. They addressed spending in education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation.
Answer:
The correct answer is C. Radical Republicans lost power in Congress for all of the following reasons except that all the goals of the Radical Republicans had been achieved by 1876.
In reality, Reconstruction ended early in 1876 as a result of a political negotiation between Republicans and Democrats, whereby Republicans were given control of the federal government, in exchange for their withdrawal from the southern territories and their return to the democratic politicians. Thus, despite the fact that there were still many political, economic and social projects to be developed in the region, in 1876 the South was demilitarized and the Democrats returned to power, ending the Reconstruction.
The United States legislature.
